Copaiba / Copaíba

Copaiba oleoresin, tapped from Copaifera trees throughout the Amazon basin, is one of Brazil's most-exported traditional medicines. Its primary active compound beta-caryophyllene (BCP) is a selective CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist — creating anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour effects similar to CBD without psychoactivity. Copalic acid and kaurenoic acid additionally induce apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis in multiple cancer cell lines including prostate, colon, and cervical. The University of São Paulo has published multiple studies validating anti-tumour activity. Beta-caryophyllene is also found in black pepper and cloves, but copaiba oleoresin contains the highest natural concentration (up to 50% BCP by composition). Brazilian healers have used copaiba for centuries for tumours, inflammation, and wound healing — it was one of the first Amazonian plants exported to Europe in the 17th century.